PORT OF BENEFITS

THE FOLLOWING ARE THE BENEFITS PORTS  

The Benefits of Ports : 

Ports increased with the increase of the purpose of life, institutions / companies, and even governments like the following: 

• To increase the rear area of economic activity (interland) and to support the inter-island or country trade (export and inport) and the development of the surrounding area. 
• To support the production of a company or factory. Ports needed to launch the marketing of their products, or bring in raw materials for production purposes. There is even a special port that is used to serve the company in production. 
• To support the defense and security of a country based on political considerations, economic and technical, such as the military port. 
• Ports Among other requirements: 

Ships operated by a shipping company to transport goods or passengers. The corporate profits depend on many factors such as much or little of goods and passengers carried, a cruise ship, a stop at the port. Ships in the ports have to pay the cost of port services, which includes the cost of anchoring, mooring, water, waveguides, delay, docks, and so on. to be able to provide good service and fast, then the port should be able to meet some of the following requirements : 

1. Port should be able to protect the ship from the bad climate while in port; 
2. Port not be in a location that has a rear area (hinterland) 
   lush with dense populations; 
3. Must be no easy relationship between water and land transportation. 
4. port must ensure ease of movement of passengers and goods; 
5. dredging first (capital dredging) and maintenance dredging (maintenance dredging) are minimal; 
6. ship reaches port should be able to drop anchor for waiting into dry dock for loading and unloading of goods or refuel; 
7. ship should be able to easily and out of the harbor and free from distractions waves and weather;
8.  available space ship in the pool and in the port; 
9. state water should be enough to keep the ship afloat despite receding water in the 
10. Port must have loading and unloading facilities and warehouses storage of goods, as well as the provision of adequate loading and unloading equipment. 

Types of Ports: 

Ports can be divided into several types depending on the angle of its review, the terms of implementation, exertion, functioning in national and international trade, in terms of usability and geography. 

1. Reviewed The View  organizer
   
   • Public ports organized for the benefit of the general public who are not technically managed by a business entity port (BUP).
   • Held a special port for their own interests to support specific activities. Ports are managed for the benefit of its own to support certain activities. Business for its own account in order to support certain activities, province government, district / municipal governments or entities Indonesia who has permission to manage a specific port. 
2. Reviewed The View of exertion  Ports are cultivated
   
   • This port deliberately attempted
     to provide the facilities required by ships entering the port for loading and unloading activities, ascending down passengers and other activities.
   • Ports that are not cultivated
     This port is only a cache of a ship / boat, without loading and unloading facilities, customs, and so on. This port is generally small harbor subsidized by the government. 
3. Reviewed in terms of its function in national and international trade
   
   • seaports
     Sea port is a port that is freely entered into by foreign-flagged vessels. This port is usually a major port and visited by ships in the oceans.
   • harbor beach
     Harbor harbor beach is reserved for domestic trade and by therefore, not freely visited by foreign vessels. Foreign ships can enter the port by asking first. 
4. Reviewed terms of use
   
   • fishing port
     In general, do not require a fishing port in the depth of the water, because the motor boats used for fishing was not great.
   • oil port
     Oil port usually does not require a dock or base. The process of loading and unloading is done with pipes and pumps.
   • port of goods
     This port have dock equipped with facilities for loading and unloading of goods.
   • passenger port
     Passenger port is not much different from the port of goods. At the port of stuff behind the dock, there are warehouses. While the passenger port built passenger station
   • Ports mix
     In general, the mixing is limited to the use of passengers and goods, are for the purposes of  oil and fish are usually kept separate. 
   • military port
     This port have water area is spacious enough to allow rapid movement of warships and that the location of the building is quite separate. 
5. Reviewed geographically
   
   • natural harbor
     Natural harbor is an area that is protected from storms and waves naturally. For example by an island, peninsula, or located in the bay, estuary or estuary sungai.Di the area, the influence of the wave is very small.
   • artificial harbor
     Artificial harbor is a protected marine area of influence of the wave by making breakwater (breakwater). This makes the breakwater area enclosed waters of the sea and only connected by a gap (mouth of the harbor) to exit the entry of the ship.
   • Semi-natural harbor
     This port  constitute mixture of the two types above. For example, a port that is protected by the tongue beach and artificial protection only on the incoming flow. 
6. Fasilitas Ports
   
   • dock
     Understanding is essentially a port building used  to dock and tether ships load and unload goods and ride  drop in passengers. General type is the wharf with  the beach parallel form, as well as the shape jetty jutting into the sea. 

 Dock pier : 

1. Shipping
   By definition is the area of the track the boats going in and out  port pool. Magnitude Depth shipping channel is usually determined by the formula: 1.1 draft ship full + 1 m; are for the width can be estimated when the minimum lane width of 4.8 while the ship when two lanes wide vessel of at least 7.6. 
2. Swimming Ports
   It is a place where boats can be moored safely for B / M stuff safe  with depth approximately 1.1 full draft vessels, with an area of the pool with the settings :
   
   Single Berth : a circle with radius (length of the vessel, LOA) + 25 m)
   Double Berth : rectangle with a length (LOA + 50 m) x width (LOA / 2) 

•  breakwater
  Told against waves because it is a building that used to protect water area of wave interference. Generally oblique type, upright ( support) and the mixture  
• fastening tool
  Used to moor the ship at the time docked and waiting in the waters before it can be docked to the dock. 

7. equipment Ports
Supporting facilities used for  support existing basic facilities. The type of port supporting facilities include: 

• Sea warehouse
  Warehouse sea (also called a customs warehouse, warehouse lines I, transit warehouse) is a warehouse on the edge of the harbor waters and is only separated from the sea by the harbor. This warehouse storing goods being unloaded from ships and to be loaded into the ship, so that the goods are protected from rain and sun. 
• warehouse
  Warehouse is a building used to store goods from ships or to be loaded onto the ship, maintaining a balance between the goods / cargo that is transported by ship of land, a place waiting for the completion of the document, to prevent cargo damage caused by weather and other  cause and collect the charge and is used to store the goods in a long time. 
• Stacking Open Field
  Yard is a large place and is located near the pier that is used to store the goods to be loaded or unloaded from the vessel after. Function yard is storing items large and heavy and has a resistance to heat of the sun and rain. The goods are stored in the form of a heavy vehicle yard, goods made of steel such as power poles, steel plates, steel profiles, steel concrete and so on. 
• The Way
  The road is a path that can be traversed by vehicles and pedestrians, which connects one place to another. Function is to carry out road vehicle displacement activity, which in turn will launch the activities of loading and unloading of goods at the port. 
• Unloading equipment
  the loading and unloading of aircraft with long sleeves are placed over the harbor, the edge of the surface waters of the harbor. 

 8. Other 8.Fasilitas
 

The other supporting facilities including a lighthouse, an office (administration port, the harbor master, Customs), cold storage, warehouse administration, police station, building equipment loading / unloading, repair shops and garages, fire department building, installation of power plants, KP3, Security service, parking, water tank, fuel, Mosque, canteen, Clinic

9.reviewed Hydro-Oceanographic

Activities before building the port in general do survey or investigation beforehand. The type of the survey include: 

• Topography and Bathymetry Survey
  Will survey the state of the land and underwater topography is very important due to the topographical conditions should be allowed to set up the port and the development of the area around the port in the future. Areas that will be used for the port waters must have sufficient depth so that ships can enter the port. Topographic survey is needed to determine the points pantai.Selain above conditions, geological conditions also need to be considered the least difficult of dredging in water areas and the possibility of using the results of the dredging to hoard elsewhere. 
• Sedimentation survey
  To be able to predict the risk of precipitation, sedimentation problems should be investigated properly due to sedimentation process is difficult to overcome. Erosion and sedimentation processes depend on basic sediment and hydrodynamic effect of waves and currents. 
• survey Shipping
  Ports were built to be easily passed the ships that will use it. Ships sailing influenced by natural factors such as wind, waves, and currents can cause the forces acting on the hull. The factor increases if the port is located on the beach which is open to the sea and vice versa. 
• Tidal Survey
  The depth of the sea is very influential on the harbor planning. For cruise ships require the same water depth with full (draft) ships coupled with an added depth. The depth of water to the port based on the frequency of ships of a certain size that goes into the harbor. If the biggest ships into the harbor only one time in a few days, the ship should only be entered at the time of high tide. Being smaller vessels should be able to get into the port at any time. 
• Topographic and Geologic Survey
  Topographic survey of the state of the land and under the sea is very important because topogrfi conditions should allow to set up the port and the development of the area around the port of our future. Areas that will be used in the waters of the port must have sufficient depth, so that coud ships into the harbor. Topographic surveys to determine the points beach 
• Survey Waves and Currents
  Waves cause the forces acting on the ship and port buildings. Because of the need to survey the direction and height of the waves towards the shore, and speed flow direction to avoid interference of the waves. 
• Water Depth Survey
  The depth of the sea is very influential on the harbor planning. For cruise ships require a water depth equal to the nerve (draft) plus ship with approximately 10% laden ship. The depth of water to the port based on the frequency of ships of a certain size that goes into the harbor. If the biggest ships entered into port oil one time in a few days, the ship should only be entered at the time of high tide. being smaller vessels should be able to enter the harbor at any time. 

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Ditulis oleh Iampsh pada tanggal Wednesday, 24 December 2014